The Devil’s Punch Bowl: The Illusion of Freedom and the Persistence of Black Captivity After Emancipation
The Emancipation Proclamation, issued in 1863, declared freedom for enslaved people in Confederate-held territories but did not free those in Union-held border states or other regions still under Union control. Tens of thousands of Black men, women, and children fled plantations in search of freedom by moving toward Union-controlled areas, expecting liberation and safety. Instead